What target might explain the low reach number for a shoe advertisement campaign?

The target audience of women ages 18-35 in London who like vegan shoes is likely to explain the low reach number for the shoe advertisement campaign due to its highly specific nature. This demographic not only focuses on a particular gender and age range but also narrows down interest to vegan shoes, which significantly limits the pool of potential viewers. When an advertisement is directed towards such a niche market, it is expected that the reach will be lower compared to broader targets.

In contrast, the other options present wider or less specific targeting criteria. For instance, targeting women ages 18-35 in London who like shoes is broader, as it encompasses all types of shoes, thereby increasing the possible audience size. The options that include women ages 18-55 or adults ages 18-35 further expand the age range and can include a larger demographic group. Therefore, it stands to reason that a highly tailored target audience that introduces specific preferences will naturally lead to lower reach numbers in comparison to broader audience options.