What is a web cookie?

A web cookie is defined as a small piece of data stored on a user's computer by the web browser. When you visit a website, that site can send a cookie to your browser, which then stores it on your device. Cookies are utilized for various purposes, such as remembering user preferences, login sessions, and tracking user behavior for analytics.

These small data files enable websites to provide a more personalized experience for users. For instance, when you return to a site, cookies can help it recognize you and recall your previous interactions, preferences, or items added to a shopping cart. This contributes to the overall functionality and user experience of the web.

The other options do not accurately describe what a web cookie is. A software bug refers to an error in programming, advertisements that follow users are typically associated with tracking technologies rather than cookies specifically, and tools for tracking online purchases usually involve more complex systems than just cookies. Thus, defining cookies in the context of data storage and user interaction is the most accurate understanding.